NVGate Tachometer

NVGate can set up several tachometer sources, including virtual tachometers in the case of multiple shafts. Tachometers are based on signals that provide pulses/revolution from a CAN bus or from a voltage proportional to the angular velocity.

Connect

Using GoToResult	Using Ribbon ASB
On this window, only input tachometer and ext. synch tachometers are available. To use it, just open the GoToResults windows, then select the tachometer.	For more advanced options, on ribbon/acquisition tab, the left button (Select) allows dispatching the different tachometer type to the plug-in analyzers. The others items open the corresponding event detection setup. Select: Shows the list of available tachometer sources and allows plugging it, to the plug-in, events and waterfall.

Available results and display

Type	Size	Dimension	Domain	Save
Filtered signal	256 pt	2D	time	Display only
Angular speed	1 pt	1D	Angular speed	Display only
Ext Tach Angular speed	1 pt	1D	Angular speed	Display only
Virtual Angular speed	1 pt	1D	Angular speed	Display only
RPM Profile	2048 pt max	2D	time	Display only
Ext Tach Profile	2048 pt max	2D	time	Display only
Virtual Tach Profile	2048 pt max	2D	time	Display only

All tachs can be used as a source for the RPM and Delta RPM event type and/or for order analysis (Constant band tracking of the FFT plug-in and Synchronous Order Analysis plug-in analyzers), and/or as a reference for the waterfall plug-in.

Display

Using GoToResult	Using Add/remove windows
You can display scalar values, or profiles using GoToResult windows. First activate a tachometer in a window plug in. Second, a new tab is created: "tachometer". Select the profile or scalar value	For advanced results, use the: add/remove windows. Tips : to create Advanced tachometer profile, put the scalar of tachometer into the waterfall

Tachometer Source

In NVGate we can set up several tachometer sources, including virtual tachometers in the case of multiple shafts. Tachometers are based on signals that provide pulses/revolution from a CAN bus or from a voltage proportional to the angular velocity.

The tach probe that provides the pulse signal can be connected either on an input or on an External sync. The External sync is sampled at 64* the Front-end sampling frequency in order to achieve higher precision in delay or phase measurements.

Input: Tachs

Inputs: Opens the properties dialog for the tachometers based on a dynamic input. Used to define up to 4 tachometers using signal from fast analog inputs (from the Front-end or from the Player).

• Source:: the tach input signal (NONE by default). The input signal can be any Front-end input in Connected mode, on-line or any Player track in Post-analysis mode (except for the DC input and the Ext. Sync. inputs or tracks). (note : on OR35V1, Input 5 to input 8 are not able to be set as source using an OR35 analyzer.)
• Input filter: adds a digital filter before the tach process. The user can choose any filter from the list of the defined filters.

• Threshold: sets the signal threshold for tach pulse detection. The threshold is expressed in the same unit as for the input signal. The value can be adjusted between +/- the full scale of the input signal (depending of the input range).

• Slope: selects the input signal slope on which a tach pulse is detected.

Slope	Description
Rise	Tach pulses are detected on rising edge of the input signal
Fall	Tach pulses are detected on falling edge of the input signal

• Hold off: defines the minimum time (expressed in seconds) between two tach pulses used to measure angular speed. If a pulse is detected before this time has expired since the last valid pulse then the new pulse is rejected.

This minimum time is in fact the maximum between the Hold off setting value and the value computed using the last tach period length and the Hold off(% period) setting value. The user can enter any value between 0 and 36000s.

• Hold off (% period): defines the minimum time (expressed in % of the last valid tach period) between two tach pulses used to measure angular speed. If a pulse is detected before this time has expired since the last valid pulse then the new pulse is rejected.

This is used to reject angular speed variations that are too large. This minimum time is in fact the maximum between the Hold off setting value and the value computed using the last tach period length and the Hold off(% period) setting value.

• Mixed Hold off: in this case, the hold off to be applied is the highest value between hold off time and hold off %.

• Hystersis: defines the hystersis around the threshold. The value can be adjusted between 0 and the full scale of the input signal (depending on the input range). If Slope is set to RISE, the input signal must go below Threshold; Hystersis before a new pulse can be detected. If Slope is set to FALL, the input signal must go above Threshold + Hystersis before a new pulse can be detected. This setting is used to reject false pulse detection following, for example, an input signal transition.
• Pulse / rev: the number of pulses per revolution. The user can enter an integer value between 1 and 1024. For a non-integer number of pulses per revolution the user must use a virtual tach.
• Rotation: This setting defines the way the phase variation is counted: clockwise or counterclockwise for each tachometer.

The rotation side is managed independently for each tachometer (Ext. sync, input, D, combined and fractional). Default setup is Counterclockwise;

See Ext Sync § for details

• Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed. Revolution number n average speed is: avrg_speed[n-1] + (inst_speed[n-1] - avrg_speed[n-1]) / avrg_size.
• Max speed: predefines a maximum angular speed to preset the scale and order tracking maxima. The limit of Max speed depends on the sampling frequency of the input signal and is equal to: 60 * Fe / (2 * 2.56) for the maximum. The Max speed setting is also used:
• to specify the limit of Y axis of the RPM profile result
• to compute the limit of the maximum order of the SOA plug-in analyzer.
• Min speed: defines the lowest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed lower than Min speed are forced to 0 RPM. By default Min speed is expressed in RPM. Min speed is automatically adjusted to Max speed/1000 but it is possible to go lower.

Ext. Tach

: Ext. Synch:Opens the properties dialog for the tachometers based on a high speed oversampled Ext Synch input.Big text In acquisition mode, the tach Ext synch comes from the frond end.

In post analyze, we connect player track on tachometer Ext synch resource.

Acquisition mode

External syncs are high speed level comparators that provides accurate events dates for the tachs and trigger. External sync is sampled at 64 time the Front-end sampling frequency in order to achieve higher precision in delay or phase measurements.

For external sync or tach signals whose frequencies overload the inputs sampling rate, an internal hardware divider is available in order to lower signal frequency. The upper frequency of the external sync must be lower than 64 times the Front-end frequency range. At input frequencies greater than 300 kHz, sensitivity can be decreased due to the electronic circuitry.

In any case the maximum frequency of a signal on an Ext Sync (before any pre-divider has been applied) is 375 kHz.

In acquisition mode, Ext synch channels are front end settings.

• Label: the name of this External Sync. (by default Ext. sync. n, with 1 <= n <= 2). The label of each External Sync is used in the result name and in all connection tools.
• Threshold: the detection level.

• Slope: the slope associated with the threshold that defines the trigger detection.

Slope	Description
Rise	The threshold is reached on rising edge of the External sync. signal
Fall	The threshold is reached on falling edge of the External sync. signal

• Hold off: defines the minimum time (expressed in seconds) between two pulses. If a pulse is detected before this time has expired since the last valid pulse then the new pulse is rejected. The user can enter any value between 0 and 36000s.

• Hystersis: defines the hystersis around the threshold. The value can be adjusted between 0 and the full scale of the input signal (depending on the input range).
• If Slope is set to RISE, the input signal must go below Threshold - Hystersis before a new pulse can be detected.
• If Slope is set to FALL, the input signal must go above Threshold + Hystersis before a new pulse can be detected. This setting is used to reject false pulse detection following, for example, a transition of the input signal. This setting can be displayed in dB.
• Pre-'divider': Hardware pre-divider is available after the edge detector and is used to reduce the frequency of the signal to be measured. When the tach is enabled, the measured speed takes into account the pre-divider setting when displaying the true RPM value. The user can enter any integer value between 1 and 255. If tach is ’On’ this setting it is linked to the ’pulse/rev’ setting.
• Post'-mutiplier:' selection of the multiplier factor. It allows the generation of a ’ExtSync’ signal which the pulse frequency is multiplied by the selected factor. The user can enter any integer value between 1 and 50. This is particularly useful with slow time base as GPS or standard clock.

• Multiplier Hold off: defines the maximum time (expressed in percentage of the last period measured after multiplication) between a detected pulse and a simulated pulse. If a simulated pulse is detected before time has expired since the detected pulse then this pulse will not be added. In this way, the simulated signal is synchronized with the input signal. The user can enter any value between 1% and 99%.

• Physical qty.: the physical quantity applied to this External sync. It modifies the sensitivity and range peak units if necessary.
• Sensitivity: the sensitivity of the transducer. Changing it updates the range peak.
• Range pk.: the maximum input level for this channel, from 300mV up to 40V. For a sensibility of 2 V/m/s² those values will be divided by 2 (0.015 m/s² and 20 m/s²) and for a gain of 0.1 those values will be multiplied by 10 (3 V and 400V). This setting can be displayed in dB.
• External 'gain': this setting can be displayed in dB. This allows the analyzer to offset an external gain: for example if there is an external gain of 3dB, the value may be set to 3dB to retrieve the genuine amplitude of the signal.
• Offset comp.: the offset compensation in Volts.

• Coupling: the coupling of this external sync.

This article compare the difference beetween coupling AC Vs DC for the tachometer phase.

Coupling	Description
AC	AC coupling with signal ground connected to the analyzer hardware ground and a 0.35 Hz high pass filter.
DC	DC coupling with signal ground connected to the analyzer hardware ground. It is advisable to use the DC coupling when analyzing very low frequency (< 10 Hz frequency range).

• Mode: This setting allows selecting available signals generated by the Ext. synch input to be used by the NVGate analysis components.

Mode	Description
Trigger	The Input generates events only. It can be used as trigger, start and stop of plug-in analyzers and be recorded. Recorded event occurs as 0/1 V signals. Note that the trigger event remains available on any mode.
Tach	The input generates a tach signal (RPM and revolution phases) in addition to the events.
Torsional	The input generates the instantaneous velocity measured with the F to V converter from a pulses train. The torsional signal is considered as a dynamic input. It appears as Tors # in the inputs list (# being the Ext sync number)
Torsional + Tach	Same as above plus the tach signal is also available. The revolution phase correspond: to the missing teeth occurrence if missing teeth is > 0 to the ending of the pulse/rev counting at each revolution (no phase reference) if missing teeth setting is > 0
Sampling	The detected pulses on the inputs will be used to synchronize the SOA re-sampling algorithm. The number of pulse/rev is free and may be different from the SAO resolution.
Sampling + Tors	Combine the sampling and the Torsional modes. Both angular re-sampling and instantaneous velocity are provided by the input
Sampling + Tach	Combine the sampling and the Tachometer modes. Both angular re-sampling and RPM measurement are provided by the input
Sampling + tach + tors	Combine the sampling, the Tachometer and the Torsional modes. Angular re-sampling, Tachometer speed and instantaneous velocity are provided by the input

• Hold off (% period): defines the minimum time (expressed in % of the last valid tach period) between 2 tach pulses used to measure RPM.

If a pulse is detected before the time has expired since the last valid pulse then the new pulse will be rejected. This is used to reject angular speed variations that are too large. This minimum time is in fact the maximum between the Hold off setting value and the value computed using the last tach period length and the Hold off (% period) setting value.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger or Torsional.

• Pulse / rev: the number of pulses per revolution. The user can enter an integer value between 1 and 4092. For a non-integer number of pulses per revolution the user must use a virtual tach.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger.

• Rotation: This setting defines the way the phase variation is counted: clockwise or counterclockwise for each tachometer.

The rotation side is managed independently for each tachometer (Ext. sync, input, D, combined and fractional).

• Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed. Revolution number n average speed is: avrg_speed[n-1] + (inst_speed[n-1] - avrg_speed[n-1]) / avrg_size.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger.

• Max speed: defines the highest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed higher than Max speed are rejected. By default Max speed is expressed in RPM. The limit of Max speed depends on the sampling frequency of the input, on the pulse/rev and on the hold off. If the Max speed value is modified, the Min speed is automatically adjusted according to a speed ratio (MinSpeed = MaxSpeed / SpeedRatio). The Speed Ratio value is not able to be modified.

The Max speed setting is also used:

• to specify the limit of Y axis of the RPM profile result.
• to compute the limit of the maximum order of the SOA plug-in analyzer.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger.

• Min speed: defines the lowest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed lower than Min speed are forced to 0 RPM. By default Min speed is expressed in RPM. The user can enter any value between Max speed / 1000 and Max speed. The max Min speed and min Min speed are defined according to the Max speed and Speed ratio.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger.

• Missing teeth: read Torsional page

• Tach: the system uses the missing teeth occurrence as the phase reference.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger

• Input filter: Select the filter to apply on the instantaneous angular velocity signal computed by the torsional converter. The applied bandwidth is the front-end one.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Mode is Trigger or Tach

In post Analyse

Used to define up to 6 Ext Tachs, using signal from the Ext. Sync. input from the Player). This replaces the Ext Sync (with tach ’On’) from the front-end, in Post-analysis. Then Ext tach is visible, on Track x connect the Ext Sync and then in the Ext tach set the source to Ext Sync.

• Label: the name of the tach.
• Source: the input signal of the tach (NONE by default). The input signal can be any Front end Ext. Sync. input (in Connected mode on line) or player track (in Post-analysis mode).
• Pulse / rev: the number of pulses per revolution. The user can enter an integer value between 1 and 1024. For a non-integer number of pulses per revolution the user must use a virtual tach.

Note: In Post-analysis, the number of pulses per revolution is added to the number entered for the acquisition.

• Rotation: This setting defines the way the phase variation is counted: clockwise or counterclockwise for each tachometer.

The rotation side is managed independently for each tachometer (Ext. sync, input, D, combined and fractional). Default setup is Counterclockwise;

See Ext Sync § for details

• Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed. Revolution number n average speed is: avrg_speed[n-1] + (inst_speed[n-1] - avrg_speed[n-1]) / avrg_size.
• Threshold: sets the signal threshold for tach pulse detection. The threshold is expressed in the same unit as for the input signal. The value can be adjusted between +/- the full scale of the input signal (depending of the input range).
• Slope: selects the slope of the input signal on which a tach pulse is detected.

Slope	Description
Rise	The tach pulses are detected on rising edge of the input signal
Fall	The tach pulses are detected on falling edge of the input signal

• Hold off: defines the minimum time (expressed in seconds) between two tach pulses used to measure angular speed. If a pulse is detected before the time has expired since the last valid pulse then the new pulse will be rejected. This minimum time is in fact the maximum between the Hold off setting value and the value computed using the last tach period length and the Hold off (% period) setting value. The user can enter any value between 0 and 36000s.
• Hold off (% period): defines the minimum time (expressed in % of the last valid tach period) between two tach pulses used to measure angular speed. If a pulse is detected before this time has expired since the last valid pulse then the new pulse is rejected. This is used to reject angular speed variations that are too large. This minimum time is in fact the maximum between the Hold off setting value and the value computed using the last tach period length and the Hold off (% period) setting value.

• Mixed Hold off: in this case, the hold off to be applied is the highest value between hold off time and hold off %.

Note: the hold off value in Post-Analysis is added to the time or the percentage already put for the acquisition.

• Max speed: predefine a maximum angular speed to preset the scale and order tracking maxima. The limit of Max speed depends on the sampling frequency of the input signal and is equal to: 60 * Fe / (2 * 2.56) for the maximum. The Max speed setting is also used:
• to specify the limit of Y axis of the RPM profile result
• to compute the limit of the maximum order of the SOA plug-in analyzer.
• Min speed: defines the lowest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed lower than Min speed are forced to 0 RPM. By default Min speed is expressed in RPM. Min speed is automatically adjusted to Max speed/1000 but it is possible to go lower.
• Missing teeth: This setting indicates the number of possible consecutive missing teeth (no pulses). In such case depending on the active mode:
• Torsional: the system interpolates the missing pulses intervals in order to maintain the instantaneous speed at a continuous level during the missing pulses.
• Tach: the system uses the missing teeth occurrence as the phase reference.

DC Tach

Up to 4 tachometers using signal from DC inputs can be activated. It’s particularly interesting if a tachometric transducer which delivers voltage proportional to rotational speed is used for the measurement (the sensitivity is in Volt/RPM). The actual speed is continuously known during the rotation. Be aware that phase measurements are not accurate with the method.

Acquisition

DC tach on connected mode

On acquisition mode, you need to activate a DC input on the frond tend, then activate the tach option.

Tach: On / Off. Used to activate a tachometer with an RPM level proportional to the DC level. Rotation: Depending on the way you look at a measured shaft or on the convention you are using, the shaft may be considered as rotating clockwise or counterclockwise. This has noticeable impact on the phase of spectra and orders.

Hidden/fixed: Hidden if Tach is Off.

Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed. Revolution number n average speed is: avrg_speed[n-1] + (inst_speed[n-1] - avrg_speed[n-1]) / avrg_size.

Max speed: defines the highest measured angular speed. Speeds higher than Max speed are rejected. By default Max speed is expressed in RPM.

The Max speed setting is also used:

• To specify the limit of Y axis of the RPM profile result.
• To compute the limit of the maximum order of the SOA plug-in analyzer.

Min speed: defines the lowest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed lower than Min speed are forced to 0 RPM. By default Min speed is expressed in RPM. Min speed is automatically adjusted to Max speed/1000 but it is possible to go lower.

• Rotation: This setting defines the way the phase variation is counted: clockwise or counterclockwise for each tachometer.

The rotation side is managed independently for each tachometer (Ext. sync, input, D, combined and fractional). Default setup is Counterclockwise;

• Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed.

Notes:

- The DC Input physical quantity must be angular velocity.

The connection of a DC Input is possible using the wizard toolbar and especially the tachometer connection window. If a DC Input is defined as a tach by this way, the set up ’tach’ is automatically activated and the physical quantity is forced to angular velocity.

- The sensitivity and the offset can be automatically updated by calibrating the DC Input

Post analyse

DC Tach in PA

In Post-Analyze, the DC tachs are available.

They can be activated and connected to a DC Input available in the signal loaded in the player. Then set up magnitude, sensitivity and offset allow to calibrate the DC Input in post analyze to obtain the correct values of the angular velocity. Settings are the same in acquisition mode.

Extract a DC tachometer from dynamical input

On post analysis, if you have record a tachometer on a dynamical input, you can extract the DC of this channels using the monitor. Then, define a DC tachometer with the value "monitor DC". The process is as follow :

• Open the ribbon Analyses / Monitor / Inputs button.
• Select the DC tach Track in one Monitor channel.
• From the ASB, add a DC tach and select the Mon of selected input as a source.

The DC tach is then available for any tachometer usage.

Fractional Tachs

: Fractional: Opens the properties dialog for the tachometers that derives from another one. Fractional tach. computes RPM speed for a non accessible shaft by using gear ratio setting. Adapted for gear boxes and transmissions. Note: the fractional tach. cannot be settled from the Vision interface, use the ASB for it. Used to define up to 4 fractional tachs using data from the tach or the Ext Tach.

Virtual tachs computes RPM speed for a not accessible shaft by using gear ratio setting.

• Label: the name of the output tach.
• Source: the source of a virtual tach can be any tach or Ext. tach.
• Tach ratio: this is the ratio between the output angular speed and the input angular speed. This setting is defined by the product of 2 fractions: N1/D1 * N2/D2 where N1, D1, N2 and D2 are integer values. Tach.1 / Tach. Ratio maximum value cannot be higher than 100.

• Rotation: This setting defines the way the phase variation is counted: clockwise or counterclockwise for each tachometer.

The rotation side is managed independently for each tachometer (Ext. sync, input, D, combined and fractional). Default setup is Counterclockwise;

• Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed. Revolution number n average speed is: avrg_speed[n-1] + (inst_speed[n-1] - avrg_speed[n-1]) / avrg_size.
• Max speed: predefine a maximum angular speed to preset the scale and order tracking maxima. The limit of Max speed depends on the sampling frequency of the input signal and is equal to: 60 * Fe / (2 * 2.56) for the maximum. The Max speed setting is also used:
• to specify the limit of Y axis of the RPM profile result
• to compute the limit of the maximum order of the SOA plug-in analyzer.
• Min speed: defines the lowest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed lower than Min speed are forced to 0 RPM. By default Min speed is expressed in RPM. Min speed is automatically adjusted to Max speed/1000 but it is possible to go lower.

Simulated tachometer

This option is available for customers owning the FFTDiag option.

This feature will allow you to simulate a tachometer with a fixed speed for your measurement. This is useful when using a real tachometer sensor is not possible and your shaft is rotating at steady speed.

Setting up the simulated tach

You can use this tachometer as any tachometers to calculate order spectrums or save it as a result.

Combined Tach

: Combined: Opens the properties dialog for the tachometers computed from other ones. Adapted for CVT. Note: the combined tach cannot be settled from the Vision interface, use the ASB for it.

Application

The main application is in automotive : studying vibration due to a CVT gear box. We will first compute the speed of the belt with a continuously variable transmission (CVT)deducing by the speed of the 2 shafts. Then, with this belt speed, we can deduce vibration due to this belt using waterfall or order tracking techniques.

Exemple of study in CVT Vibration : https://www.hindawi.com/journals/sv/2015/857978/

How to use

This module allows computing tachometer information (Speed, Phase) relatively to 2 measured tachometers. Up to 4 different combined tachs can be computed simultaneously. The combined tach can be used as any other standard tach.

• Label: the name of the output tach.
• Source 1 & 2: the calculation sources can be any tach or Ext. tach. Source 1 is called Rpm 1 and Source 2 is called Rpm2 in the formula.
• Rotation: This setting defines the way the phase variation is counted: clockwise or counterclockwise for each tachometer.

The rotation side is managed independently for each tachometer (Ext. sync, input, D, combined and fractional). Default setup is Counterclockwise;

See Ext Sync § for details

• Average size: defines the average number used to compute the average speed. Revolution number n average speed is: avrg_speed[n-1] + (inst_speed[n-1] - avrg_speed[n-1]) / avrg_size.
• Max speed: predefines a maximum angular speed to preset the scale and order tracking maxima. The limit of Max speed depends on the sampling frequency of the input signal and is equal to: 60 * Fe / (2 * 2.56) for the maximum. The Max speed setting is also used:
• to specify the limit of Y axis of the RPM profile result
• to compute the limit of the maximum order of the SOA plug-in analyzer.
• Min speed: defines the lowest measured angular speed. All revolutions with a speed lower than Min speed are forced to 0 RPM. By default Min speed is expressed in RPM. Min speed is automatically adjusted to Max speed/1000 but it is possible to go lower.
• Formula: Allows editing the computation formula. The formula uses RPM1 as the speed of Source 1 and RPM2 as the speed of source 2. The computed tach speed is the result of the last line of the editor.

Copy/paste from or to a text editor are possible, to simplify the storage of different formula

Attention: All computation are done in SI unit (i.e: Rad/sec) the constant value must be expresses in Rad/sec.

Hereafter an example of computation of the belt speed in a car CVT:

R=97/2

K2=4*R*Pi/2

K3=2*R/Pi/120

Rt=Rpm1/Rpm2

Rtp1=Rt-1

Rtm1=Rt-1

R1=K2/Gp1

R2=1-K3*SQRT(Rtm1/Rtp1)

R1*R2*Rpm1

The formula editor accepts various math operators and functions such as square root, logarithms and power allowing polynomial equations. The following table gives the syntax of the operators and functions;

In/out	Description
Chi	Channel i level
N.A.	The output level is the result of the last line in the editor

Operator	Description
+	Parameter or constant addition with another parameter or constant
-	Parameter or constant subtraction from another parameter or constant
*	Parameter or constant multiplication by another parameter or constant
/	Parameter or constant division by another parameter or constant
^	Parameter or constant powered by another parameter or constant
=	Parameter affectation with the expression result at the right of sign

Function	Description
If(c, t, f)	Returns t if c is true or f if c is false (ex of c: I >4)
Rint(x)	Returns the nearest integer of x
Sign(x)	Returns -1 if x < 0, 0 if x = 0 or 1 if x > 0

Function	Description
Sin(x)	Returns the sine of expression or parameter x
Cos(x)	Returns the cosine of expression or parameter x
Tan(x)	Returns the tangent of expression or parameter x
ASin(x)	Returns the arc sine of expression or parameter x
ACos(x)	Returns the arc cosine of expression or parameter x
ATan(x)	Returns the arc tangent of expression or parameter x
Sinh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic sine of expression or parameter x
Cosh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of expression or parameter x
Tanh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of expression or parameter x
ASinh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic arc sine of expression or parameter x
ACosh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic arc cosine of expression or parameter x
ATanh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic arc tangent of expression or parameter x
Log2(x)	Returns the base 2 logarithm of expression or parameter x
Log10(x)	Returns the base 10 logarithm of expression or parameter x
Log(x)	Returns the base 10 logarithm of expression or parameter x
Ln(x)	Returns the base e (natural) logarithm of expression or parameter x
Exp(x)	Returns the exponential of expression or parameter x
Sqrt(x)	Returns the square root of expression or parameter x
Abs(x)	Returns the absolute value of expression or parameter x
Min(x,y,…)	Returns the minimum level of listed parameters
Max(x,y,…)	Returns the minimum level of listed parameters
Sum(x,y,…)	Returns the sum of listed parameters
Avg(x,y,…)	Returns the average level of listed parameters

Predefined	Description
pi	Constant pi (3.1416…). Do not declare any constant with this name
e	Constant e (2.718). Do not declare any constant with this name

Constants and parameters can be defined (except pi and e) using the = sign; eg: var1 = pi * 2 or var2 = rpm1/2. The constants may be defined only once.

Parameter/constant names must start with a letter and may be ended by a number.

The dot (.) is always the decimal separator independently from the OS preferences and the comma (,) is used as parameter separator.

The editor does not check the dimension of this result. The content of the formula can be copy/paste from any text editor.

RPM Profiles

Defines the RPM profile window display.

• : Profile: Set up the tachometer profiles duration. These graphs are available for the Tachometer module in the Add/Remove graph dialog.(from 10s to 1200s).

The profile displays continuously the tachometer speeds with a memory depth defined by the profile setting.

• : Resolution: defines the shortest time between 2 angular speed values saved in the profile.

• Hidden/fixed: fixed to a value equal to Duration profile / 2048.

Extract tach from FFT waterfall and edit tachometer

Read this page

Tachometer centered on FFT/SOA blocks

This allows centering tachometer speed at the center of the FFT/SOA trigger block(s). It is useful with long trigger blocks (High resolution analyses) to perfectly match the actual data with the order cursor or section.

With classical tach: The RPM is collected at the end of the analysis block

This situation leads to an offset in the waterfall calculation of the orders (cursors, sections). For a run up, as the angular speed is over evaluated, the order calculation is lower than the actual ones.

With centered tach: The RPM is calculated as the average speed during the block duration to be synchronized with the analyzed data.

With the centered tachometer, the orders calculations match more accurately the actual orders in waterfall. The computation of the angular speed takes in account the averaging, triggering and overlap used in the plug-in. The centered speed is calculated as:

The RPM centering and averaging is done in the analysis plug-in prior to be connected to the waterfall. To use the centered tach simply add the said tachometer to the corresponding plug-in (FFTn or SOAn). These additional tachometers are available in the waterfall as soon as one of the result of the plug-in is added to the waterfall.

• 1. Add Tach to the Plug-in,
• 2. Add plug-in results (Spectra, orders, etc..) to the waterfall,
• 3. Display the waterfall,
• 4. Select the Plug-in Tach, as a tachometer and reference

Colored floor in 3D displays

The colored 3D displays use palette that define the color of each level. With NVGate V9.10 the bottom of the Y scale remain colored with the lowest defined level.

Oversampled waterfall collections

The waterfall collects and synchronizes results generated by various calculations (plug-ins, front end, tachometers, monitor). NVGate V9.10 allows collecting the results at very different rates. This is useful while measuring at different spectral resolutions (which influence the result availability rate) or with more frequent references like tachometers.

Ex: Using a short periodic trigger (ex 100 ms) the waterfall collect a smooth RPM profile and the spectra at lower speed.